July 8, 2005
Kent County – Civil Division (739-7641)
05-IB18
Richard L. Abbott, Esquire
The Bayard Firm
222 Delaware Avenue, Suite 900
P.O. Box 25130
Wilmington, DE 19899

RE: Freedom of Information Act Complaint
        Against New Castle County Council

Dear Mr. Abbott:
On April 14, 2005, we received your complaint alleging that the Administrative–Finance
Committee (“the Committee”) of the New Castle County Council (“the Council”) violated the open
meeting requirements of the Freedom of Information Act, 29 Del. C. Chapter 100 (“FOIA”), on
April 19, 2005 by: (1) meeting in executive session without giving the required advance notice to
the public; (2) failing to follow the proper procedures for going into executive session; and (3)
discussing matters in executive session which FOIA requires to be discussed in public.
By letter dated April 18, 2005, we asked the Council to respond to your complaint in writing
within ten days. We granted the Council’s counsel a brief extension of time, and received the
Council’s response on May 5, 2005.
According to the Council, a legislative aide posted the notice and agenda for the Committee’s
April 19, 2005 meeting on April 12, 2005. The agenda listed several ordinances for discussion,
including Ordinance 05-028 “Amend the Annual Operating Budget.” Under that item, the agenda
listed eight proposed decreases in the budget to fund one budget increase in “General Insurance:
Legal Fees & Settlements” ($1,050,000). The agenda went on to explain: “This transfer of funds
is required in order to provide sufficient funding for ongoing litigation
dealing with employment and land use issues. Funding is available due to savings within the
Departments of Administration, Special Services, Police and General Insurance.”
The agenda for the Committee’s April 19, 2005 meeting also listed under the heading
“Other” – “Report of ongoing litigation by the County Attorney.” The agenda noted that it “shall
be subject to change to include the addition or deletion of items received from Council members,
including executive session, which arise at the time of the meeting.”
The minutes of the April 19, 2005 meeting show that Councilwoman Venetzky introduced
Ordinance 05-028 which “deals with ongoing litigation and Council members will be going into
Executive Session. Council decides to move this item to the end of the agenda.” The minutes show
that later in the meeting “Councilman Weiner made a motion to go into Executive Session for the
purpose of discussion [sic] litigation strategy related to cases which will be funded by the transfer
of funds in this ordinance.”
The minutes of the executive session (which the Council provided to us for our in camera
review) show that after a presentation by the County Attorney, “Councilman Weiner made a motion
to come out of Executive Session. It was seconded by President Clark. All were in favor and
Council exited Executive Session.”
Relevant Statutes
FOIA requires that “[e]very meeting of all public bodies shall be open to the public except
those” authorized by statute for executive session. 29 Del. C. §10004(a).
FOIA authorizes a public body to meet in executive session to discuss “[s]trategy sessions,
including those involving legal advice or opinion from an attorney-at-law, with respect to collective
bargaining or pending or potential litigation, but only when an open meeting would have an adverse
effect on the bargaining or litigation position of the public body.” Id. §10004(b)(4).
FOIA requires public bodies to “give public notice of their regular meetings and of their
intent to hold an executive session to the public, at least 7 days in advance thereof. . . . [T]he agenda
shall be subject to change to include additional items including executive sessions or the deletion
of items including executive sessions which arise at the time of the public body’s meeting.” Id.
§10004(e)(2).
FOIA requires every public body to “maintain minutes of all meetings, including executive
sessions . . . Such minutes shall include a record of those members present and a record, by
individual members . . . of each vote taken and action agreed upon.” Id. §10004(f).
Legal Analysis
A. Notice of April 19, 2005 Executive Session
“‘An agenda serves the important function of notifying the public of the matters which will
be discussed and possibly voted on at a meeting, so that members of the public can decide whether
to attend the meeting and voice their ideas or concerns.’” Att’y Gen. Op. 03-IB22 (Oct. 6, 2003)
(quoting Att’y Gen. Op. 97-IB20 (Oct. 20, 1997)). “While the statute requires only a ‘general
statement’ of the subject to be addressed by the public body, when an agency knows that an
important specific aspect of a general subject is to be dealt with, it satisfied neither the spirit nor the
letter of the Freedom of Information Act to state the subject in such broad generalities as to fail to
draw the public’s attention to the fact that that specific important subject will be discussed.” Ianni
v. Department of Elections of New Castle County, 1986 WL 9610, at p.5 (Del. Ch., Aug. 29, 1986)
(Allen, C.).
The notice requirements for executive session, however, are less strict because the executive
session is closed to the public. FOIA “simply requires public bodies to disclose the purpose of the
executive session in the agenda.” Common Cause of Delaware v. Red Clay Consolidated School
District, C.A. No. 13798, 1995 WL 733401, at p.4 (Del. Ch., Dec. 5, 1998) (Balick, V.C.). For
example, FOIA does not require the agenda to “specify what legal, personnel or other subjects are
discussed in executive session.” Id. See Att’y Gen. Op. IB12 (May 21, 2002) (agenda listing
“Executive Session to Discuss Personnel” satisfied the agenda requirements of FOIA).
The Committee posted the notice and agenda for its April 19, 2005 on April 12, 2005 seven
days in advance as required by FOIA. The agenda listed for discussion in public session Ordinance
05-028 “Amend the Annual Operating Budget.” The agenda did not list any matters for discussion
in executive session. Under the last item, “Other,” the agenda listed: “Report on recently completed
financial reviews by the County Administration; Report of ongoing litigation by the County
Attorney; and New Castle County Council grant requests.”
The Council maintains that FOIA authorized the Committee to amend its agenda during the
April 19, 2005 meeting to go into executive session to discuss the County Attorney’s report about
ongoing litigation. FOIA allows a public body “to include additional items including executive
session . . . which arise at the time of the public body’s meeting.” 29 Del. C. §10004(e)(2). But
under FOIA, a matter does not “arise” at a public meeting “by way of a motion to add the issue to
the agenda. By that circular logic, there would be no limits on what business could be discussed at
the meeting of a public body, so long as the agenda provided that it was subject to change. We have
previously cautioned that Section 10004(e)(2) of FOIA must be construed narrowly ‘lest the
exception swallow the rule.’” Att’y Gen. Op. 03-IB22 (Oct. 6, 2003) (quoting Att’y Gen. Op. 03-
IB18 (July 31, 2003)). *1
If “a public body knows that an item of public interest will be addressed at a meeting, then
it cannot claim, in good faith, that the issue arose at the time of the public body’s meeting in order
to circumvent the notice requirements of FOIA.” Att’y Gen. Op. 97-IB20 (Oct. 20, 1997). The
Committee knew when it posted the agenda for its April 19, 2005 meeting that it would hear a report
from the County Attorney about ongoing litigation. The Council has not offered any plausible
reason why this matter was not noticed in advance for executive session.
We determine that the Committee violated the open meeting requirements of FOIA because
it did not give the public notice in the agenda posted for the April 19, 2005 meeting that the
Committee would meet in executive session to discuss litigation strategy. FOIA requires public
bodies to give the public notice “of their intent to hold an executive session closed to the public, at
least 7 days in advance thereof.” 29 Del. C. §10004(e)(2). While the agenda stated that there would
be a report by the County Attorney about “ongoing litigation,” the agenda listed it for public session.
For reasons explained below, we do not believe that any remediation is necessary for this FOIA
violation.
B. Procedures for Going into Executive Session
“If a public body meets to discuss only matters that are authorized for executive session,
FOIA still requires that the meeting be noticed to the public. The public have a right to attend the
opening of the meeting, to see that the public body follows the required procedures for going into
executive session, and to observe the discussion of any public business that follows.” Att’y Gen. Op.
02-IB17 (Aug. 6, 2002).
The procedures for going into executive session under FOIA are determined by the
requirements for maintaining minutes. The minutes of the public portion of the meeting must reflect
that the public body voted to go into executive session with a record “of each vote taken and action
agreed upon.” 29 Del. C. §10004(f). The minutes of an executive session must record the vote
taken to leave executive session and go back into public session. See Att’y Gen. Op. 93-IO11 (May
6, 1993).
The Council has provided us with a sworn affidavit of Nellie Manlove, a legislative aide to
Councilwoman Venezky, who prepared the minutes of the public portion of the Committee’s April
19, 2005 meeting and minutes of the executive session. The affidavit states that during the public
portion of the meeting, “Councilman Weiner made a motion to go into Executive Session and stated
the purpose: to discuss litigation strategy. The motion was seconded, all were in favor, the public
was asked to exit the room, and Council officially went into executive session.” The affidavit
further states: “At the conclusion of the Executive Session, Councilman Weiner made a motion to
come out of Executive Session, the motion was seconded, all were in favor, and Council exited
Executive Session.”
The minutes of the April 19, 2005 meeting confirm that the Committee followed the proper
procedures under FOIA for going into executive session and then returning to public session. We
determine that the Committee did not violate the open meeting requirements of FOIA in the manner
in which it went into executive session at the meeting on April 19, 2005.
C. Subject Matter of April 19, 2005 Executive Session
“FOIA is a statutory waiver of any possible [attorney-client] privilege of the public client
in meetings of governmental bodies except in the narrow circumstances stated in the statute.” Att’y
Gen. Op. 02-IB12 (May 21, 2002). A public body can consult with an attorney in executive session
“with respect to collective bargaining or pending or potential litigation, but only when an open
meeting would have an adverse effect on the bargaining or litigation position of the public body.”
29 Del. C. §10004(b)(4) (emphasis added). These limitations were designed “to prevent potential
abuse” and do not permit a public body “to hold an executive session to receive legal advice about
any issue or matter.” Chemical Industry Council of Delaware, Inc. v. State Coastal Zone Industrial
Control Board, C.A. No. 1216-K, 1994 WL 274295, at p. 11 (Del. Ch., May 18, 1994) (Jacobs,
V.C.).
You contend that the Committee met in executive session for a purpose not authorized by
law on April 19, 2005 because “[i]t is believed that the advisability and justification for the proposed
County legislation was discussed, and that decision-making was made by one or more members of
County Council during this time frame as to how they would vote on Ordinance No. 05-028.”
We have the benefit of reviewing the minutes of the Committee’s April 19, 2005 executive
session in camera. *2 Those minutes show that the County Attorney briefed the Committee about
current litigation involving the County to explain why more funds would be necessary to pay for
outside legal fees to defend against seventy pending lawsuits. There is no indication in the minutes
of the executive session that there was any discussion of the specific budget cuts Ordinance 05-028
might require or how members of the Committee might be inclined to vote on the ordinance.
You contend that the County Attorney’s report would not have had an adverse effect on the
bargaining position of the Council in ongoing litigation: “First, the County Council is not a party
in many, if any, of the (70) pending legal actions against the County. . . . . Second, general issues
regarding case status and funding of litigation costs cannot reasonably be said to have an adverse
effect on the litigation position of the County.”
The Council’s response is that the “public body that would be adversely affected by an open
discussion of its litigation strategy is the County as a whole, including the legislative branch that
approves the budget for payment of legal fees to outside counsel and settlements.”
FOIA’s litigation strategy exemption is designed not just to protect the public body named
as a party in a lawsuit, but to protect the citizens whose tax monies may be used to fund the defense
of the litigation or settle the case. “[I]f knowledge of litigation strategy, or the amount of settlement
offers or of potential claims became public, it would damage the [public body’s] ability to settle or
defend those matters and all the citizens would have to bear the cost of that disclosure.” The
Reading Eagle Co. v. Council of the City of Reading, 627 A.2d 305, 307 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1993). We
believe that the Committee had a right under FOIA to obtain confidential legal advice from the
County Attorney to decide how to deploy taxpayer monies to defend seventy pending lawsuits, and
that public disclosure of that legal advice would have an adverse effect on the litigation position of
the County.
In decisions involving the public records requirements of FOIA, we have determined that
documents reflecting the expenditure of public funds for outside legal counsel are usually public
records. See Att’y Gen. Op. 02-IB24 (Oct. 1, 2002) (agreement to settle a sex discrimination claim);
Att;y Gen. Op. IB16 (July 20, 2002) (letter of engagement with outside legal counsel and billing
statements); Att’y Gen. Op.04-IB07 (Mar. 8, 2004) (“FOIA does not exempt the disclosure of
information in the billing statements that will enable a citizen to calculate the dollar amounts paid
by the County to Oberly Jennings”).
We believe that other matters relating to outside legal counsel, however, are protected by
attorney-client privilege under FOIA. Specific litigation objectives, how much resources to deploy,
the legal issues being researched, and parameters for potential settlement are just a few examples
of matters which we believe FOIA allows a public body to discuss in private.*3 “A basic
understanding of the adversary system indicates that certain phases of litigation strategy may be
impaired if every discussion is available for the benefit of opposing parties who may have as a
purpose a private gain in contravention of the public need” for confidentiality.” Prior Lake
American v. Mader, 642 N.W.2d 729, 740 (Minn. 2002).
In Furhman v. Freedom of Information Commission, 1996 WL 689946 (Conn. Super., Nov.
21, 1996), the town council appropriated funds to hire an environmental consultant and legal counsel
to oppose a sediment disposal landfill. At a public town meeting, the council went into executive
session to discuss the sediment disposal issue, and when the council returned to public session it
approved a supplemental appropriation for legal and consulting fees. The minutes of the executive
session showed that the council discussed: (1) the amount of money to be spend on consultants and
attorneys and the hiring of a lobbyist: (2) the contents of some prior consultants’ reports; and (3)
legal options of the town including the feasibility of a declaratory judgment action in court, and the
appropriate timing of any such filings.
Like Delaware’s FOIA, the Connecticut open meeting law authorizes executive session for
“strategy and negotiations with respect to pending claims or pending litigation.” Conn.Gen.Stat. §1-
18a(e)(2). “Strategy is defined as a careful plan or method and the art of devising or employing
plans or strategems toward a goal.” Fuhrman, 1996 WL 689946, at p.5. The Connecticut Superior
Court held that the town council properly met in executive session to discuss litigation strategy.

The Town Council was concerned about the
possible effects the disposal of sediment would
have on the landfill . . . During the June 1, 1995
executive session, the Town Council considered
the possible legal options and responses to the
disposal application. The council was considering
action to implement legal relief and enforce the
town’s legal rights. Therefore, the executive
session was held for purposes of discussing “pending
litigation.”

Fuhrman, 1996 WL 689946, at p. 5.
In the past, the Council has retained outside legal counsel to represent the County in a
number of pending lawsuits. The Committee met in executive session with the County Attorney on
April 19, 2005 to discuss the legal options for defending those lawsuits (e.g., outside vs. in-house
counsel) and the costs that might be incurred depending on the choice of strategy. When the Council
returned to public session, it voted to amend the budget to provide for $1,050,000 in funds to pay
for legal costs. We believe that public disclosure of the private discussions that led to that public
vote “would have an adverse effect on the . . . litigation position of the public body.” 29 Del. C.
Based on the record, we determine that the Committee did not violate FOIA when it met in
executive session on April 19, 2005 to discuss litigation strategy as authorized by law.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we determine that the Committee did not violate the open meeting
requirements of FOIA when it voted to go into executive session at a meeting on April 19, 2005 to
discuss litigation strategy as authorized by FOIA for private discussion. We determine that the
Committee violated FOIA by not giving notice seven days in advance to the public that the litigation
report by the County Attorney to the Committee would be heard in executive session.
We do not believe that any remediation is necessary for this violation because the Committee
followed the proper procedures under FOIA for going into executive session, and only discussed
matters which FOIA authorizes for discussion by a public body in executive session. If the
Committee had given seven days notice to the public of the executive session, the result would not
been any different. The Committee could still have lawfully met in executive session to discuss
litigation strategy.
Very truly yours,
W. Michael Tupman
Deputy Attorney General
APPROVED
_______________________
Malcolm S. Cobin, Esquire
State Solicitor
cc:
The Honorable M. Jane Brady
Attorney General
Lawrence W. Lewis, Esquire
Deputy Attorney General
Wendy Rising Danner, Esquire
Counsel to the Council
Phillip G. Johnson
Opinion Coordinator
FOOTNOTES
*1 “In the event that FOIA permits a public body to add items to the agenda, the
proper procedure is for the public body by motion to vote to amend the agenda.” Att’y Gen. Op.
03-IB17 (July 31, 2003).
*2 In ascertaining the matters discussed during the Committee’s executive session on
April 19, 2005, we refer generally to the contents of minutes of executive session without
disclosing any specifics in keeping with our assurances of confidentiality.
*3 Although the County Attorney is not legal counsel to the Council, the courts have
held that the “litigation strategy” exemption under the state open meeting law applies when a
public body meets with the attorney who will be defending the case. “[I]f the Board were
required to meet with the insurance company’s lawyer on a specific case, that consultation
should not be subject to public scrutiny as an ‘open meeting’ contemplated by the statute.”
Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Housing and Redevelopment Authority, 251 N.W.2d 625-26
(Minn. 1976).

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